Society for Personality and Social Psychology Association for Research in Personality European Association of Social Psychology Society of Experimental and Social Psychology

The authors applied insights from the group-value theory of procedural justice to investigate minority students’ disengagement of self-esteem from academic outcomes. African American college students completed the race-based rejection sensitivity (RS-race) questionnaire. The students were asked to write a position essay on a current topic. They were randomly assigned to complete a demographic form in which they disclosed or did not disclose their race and to receive negative or positive feedback. When race was undisclosed, performance self-esteem was greater after positive feedback relative to negative feedback, regardless of RS-race. When race was disclosed, feedback valence affected self-esteem only among those lower in RS-race. Following positive feedback, these participants showed the greatest gains in self-esteem. Consistent with group-value theory, changes in self-esteem were explained by participants’ concerns and emotions around fairness, respect, and acceptance. The authors discuss implications for minority student achievement.